Here is the clause-wise numbering (important clauses) of BS 5400 Part 1, commonly referred to in bridge design:
📘 BS 5400 – Part 1: Clause-wise References
🔹 Clause 1 – Scope
- Defines the scope of Part 1.
- States that it provides general principles for bridge design.
🔹 Clause 2 – References
- Lists related standards and documents to be used with BS 5400.
🔹 Clause 3 – Definitions
- Provides definitions of important terms:
- Characteristic load
- Design load
- Ultimate limit state
- Serviceability limit state
🔹 Clause 4 – Basis of Design
(Very Important for Exams)
4.1 General
- Design shall be based on limit state principles.
4.2 Limit States
- 4.2.1 Ultimate Limit State (ULS)
- 4.2.2 Serviceability Limit State (SLS)
4.3 Design Values
- Use of characteristic values with partial safety factors.
🔹 Clause 5 – Loads and Load Effects
- Refers to Part 2 for loading.
- Explains load combinations.
- Requires consideration of:
- Permanent loads
- Variable loads
- Accidental loads
🔹 Clause 6 – Structural Analysis
- Methods of analysis to reflect actual behaviour.
- Elastic analysis generally used.
- Redistribution allowed where justified.
🔹 Clause 7 – Durability
- Design life generally taken as 120 years.
- Must consider:
- Environmental exposure
- Maintenance
- Corrosion protection
🔹 Clause 8 – Serviceability Requirements
- Control of:
- Deflections
- Cracking (for concrete)
- Vibration
🔹 Clause 9 – Materials and Workmanship
- Refers to:
- Part 6 (Steel)
- Part 7 (Concrete & Prestressing)
🔹 Clause 10 – Fatigue and Repeated Loading
- Requires fatigue verification.
- Detailed provisions in Part 10.
🎯 Most Important Clauses for Bridge Design (Frequently Asked)
- Clause 4 → Basis of Design (Limit State Concept)
- Clause 5 → Load Combinations
- Clause 6 → Structural Analysis
- Clause 7 → Durability (120-year life)
- Clause 10 → Fatigue