D Singha

Cracking in reinforced concrete members is attributable to various causes, particularly: Factors Influencing Crack-widths

Here is a simplified flowchart for the design of a box culvert: Note that the above flowchart is a simplified version of the box culvert design process and should be used as a reference only. The design process may vary depending on the specific project requirements, site conditions, and applicable codes and standards. It is … Read more

There are several software programs available for designing steel connections, each with its own features and advantages. Here are some popular software programs used for steel connection design: RAM Connection: RAM Connection is a powerful software for the design and analysis of steel connections. It offers a range of connection types, including bolted, welded, and … Read more

The combinations of actions to be taken into account in the relevant design situations should be appropriate for the serviceability requirements and performance criteria being verified. a) Characteristic combination: The characteristic combination is normally used for irreversible limit states. b) Frequent combination: The frequent combination is normally used for reversible limit states. c) Quasi-permanent combination: … Read more

Site Information Required For the Tests Different Types of Tests Integrity Test The commonly used sonic methods, vibration methods, sonic logging techniques, etc, have been tried within the last 15-20 years in different parts of the world. However, the methods based on the One Dimensional Stress Wave approach known as Sonic Integrity Testing, Low Strain … Read more

The first digit relates to the ultimate strength of the material, whilst the second is the ratio of yield stress to ultimate strength. Thus grade 4.6 bolts have an ultimate material strength of 400N/mm2 and the yield (or proof) stress is 60% of the ultimate strength. What is black’bolts? 4.6 grade bolts without corrosion protection … Read more

In India, some bridge engineers have doubts on point of application of horizontal load. Some people consider the point of application of longitudinal and transverse load at the bearing level. Longitudinal force : The longitudinal forces shall be considered as acting horizontally through the knuckle pins in case of bearings having rocking arrangement or through … Read more

Jet Grouting (Horizontal): – An efficient and versatile technical solution for tunnelling in different soil, usually with high granulometry, the presence of intense water flow and high hydraulic gradient. The construction of the Main tunnel and Escape Tunnel through quaternary deposits, consisted of silty-clayey soil with gravels, pebbles, cobbles and occasionally boulders. Horizontal Jet Grouting … Read more

I have a doubt regarding assuming pile cap thickness. There are two theories Beam theory and truss theory. In truss theory, the empirical formula for pile cap depth, when the pile diameter less than 550mm is, D= 2 × dp+100 mm , Where D is the pile cap depth and dp is the pile diameter … Read more

IS 15498 (pdf) 2004 Guidelines for Improving the Cyclonic Resistance of Low Rise Houses and Other Buildings/Structures IS 15499 (pdf) 2004 Guidelines for Survey of Housing and Building Typology in Cyclone Prone Areas for Assessment of Vulnerability of Regions and Post Cyclone Damage Estimation